Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes under Water Regimes Using Hyperspectral Reflectance and Agro-Physiological Parameters via Genotype by Yield*Trait Approaches in Sakha Station, Delta, Egypt

Drought is an environmental abiotic stress that diminishes wheat production worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated fifty bread genotypes (arranged in alpha lattice design) under two main water regimes, water-deficit (two surface irrigations) and well-watered (four irrigations), at different sites consecutive cropping seasons, 2019/20 2020/21. To identify drought-tolerant genotypes, utilized several selection/phenotyping criteria, including agronomic traits, e.g., grain yield (GY) components (SM); physiological parameters such as canopy temperature (CT), leaf transpiration rate (TRN), intercellular CO2 concentration (INCO); spectral reflectance indices, Leaf Chlorophyll Index (LCI), curvature index (CI), normalized difference vegetation (NDVI); tolerance indices (STI) were determined concurrently with yield. The results revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among environments, their interaction for (GY), days to heading (DH), maturity (DM), filling period (GFP), (GFR), Normalized (NDVI), plant height (PH), spikes per square meter (SM). genotype plus by environment (GGE) yield*trait (GYT) biplot techniques indicated Genotype 37 (Sakha 95) 45 performed best environments. Furthermore, same from (GSTI) approach view. was superior GYT selection method, indices. Likewise, can this low-water-tolerant based on GSTI, GYT, SRI recommend involving it drought breeding program.